Meduza’s daily newsletter: Tuesday, September 24, 2024 Online library for pirated books to close, Apple ‘silently’ purges dozens of VPNs from Russia App Store, and lawmakers expand enlistment escape option to criminal defendants

Founder’s terminal illness spells the end for Flibusta, a treasure trove of pirated Russian literature

Known only by his callsign “Stiver,” the founder and administrator of the online library Flibusta announced in a brief message on Tuesday that the project will soon shut down. In the same message, he revealed that he’s been diagnosed with a brain tumor. “Unfortunately, it seems this is the end for Flibusta and for yours truly,” wrote Stiver, explaining that the website’s servers are paid for a few more weeks, after which the online library will cease to exist. 

What is Flibusta?

It’s an online library that openly flouts copyright laws and features more than 630,000 books — roughly 83 percent in Russian. The project’s peak popularity was a decade ago when as many as 4 million people visited the site each month. By the spring of 2016, however, monthly traffic had fallen to just 163,000 visits, thanks to decisions by Russia’s federal censor to block access to Flibusta and the Moscow City Court’s ruling to block the online library permanently for repeated copyright violations. 

Flibusta emerged in October 2009 when several disgruntled users of Librusek (an earlier online library) launched their own rival project in protest against Librusek’s publishing agreement with Litres, Russia’s biggest legal e-book and audiobook marketplace. (Litres itself is the product of a merger of the country’s three major online libraries that had been distributing pirated content.) According to the deal, books that appeared on Litres were unavailable for download to Librusec users for a month. 

Flibusta’s anonymous founder, identifying himself as Stiver, described the break as an ideological schism and faulted Librusek founder Ilya Larin for committing the cardinal sin of “mixing piracy and business.” In 2011, Stiver declared that “Larin was never an ideological pirate.” Stiver insisted that only non-commercial projects are invulnerable to book publishers’ pressure: “The generation of profit-seekers cannot understand that people just want to read books without turning them into a commodity. Let people read. Let them read a lot, and let them read well. That's all we need.”

Problems with the authorities

It wasn’t long before Russian book publishers turned their attention to Flibusta. In September 2011, Stiver reported issues accessing the online library, claiming that his hosting provider was “under heavy pressure” and had asked to disable direct access to the website during an ongoing investigation. Eksmo Publishing House later revealed that its lawyers had contacted the Dutch hosting company Ecatel with a request to disclose the identity of Flibusta’s owners. Two years later, Flibusta started independently blocking access to certain books amid complaints from the project’s team that book publishers weren’t providing them with lists of materials subject to copyright claims.

In 2016, the German police ended a two-year investigation into Stiver, finding no evidence of criminal activity. Months earlier, the CEO of the Association for the Protection of Rights on the Internet (which includes Eksmo) said he knew Stiver’s real name but wouldn’t reveal it to protect the investigation’s confidentiality. When the German authorities closed the case, the association’s head expressed disappointment and said the police had handled the matter “superficially.”

In response to being blocked in Russia, Flibusta tried to bypass censors by making the project accessible through numerous mirror sites (which distorted Similarweb traffic data) and delivering content to users through alternative channels, such as torrent trackers and a Telegram chatbot.

The death of Flibusta

Though the platform has been essentially a labor of love, “supported by a group of enthusiasts scattered across the globe,” Stiver’s recent announcement suggests that he won’t be transferring full control or the means to support the project to anyone on Flibusta’s team. On social media, users have asked the library about crowdfunding to sustain the site without Stiver, but the project’s Twitter account has merely tweeted a thread of hyperlinks to alternative online libraries. 

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